WATER TREATMENT PLANT BUILDING ESTIMATE SERIES
WATER TREATMENT PLANT BUILDING ESTIMATE FREE

If the water body has a good quality, drinking water can be obtained without any treatment. Smaller drinking water treatment plants may be installed at semi-centralised level or point of use in order to minimise energy requirements for distribution.Д¬onservation or restoration of ecosystems is a good strategy to simplify and reduce the costs induced by drinking water treatment plants. In case of polluted or seawater treatment in semi-centralised plants, the required input is higher (around 1-2 kWh/m 3). In Switzerland, required energy input for treatment and distribution of drinking water, including abstraction, is relatively low (around 0.4kWh/m 3) due to the excellent quality of groundwater. Moreover, operation of the treatments also requires a significant amount of chemicals, which might not be available in little industrialised or remote areas.

Many of these tasks can be automated in modern treatment plants but trained operators and engineers are still required to control and maintain the system. Maintain, repair, and lubricate equipment, using hand tools and power tools.Clean and maintain tanks, basins and filter beds, using hand tools and power tools.Record operational and laboratory data, observations of processes, and meter and gauge readings on specified forms.Collect and test water samples, using test equipment.Add chemicals, such as ammonia, chlorine, and lime, to purify and disinfect water and other chemicals, such as ferric chloride, peroxide, and polymers, to enhance water treatment.Inspect equipment and monitor operating conditions, meters, and gauges to determine load requirements and detect malfunctions.Operate and adjust equipment controls to purify and clarify water.When drinking water is produced from the sea, the water is desalinated by electrolysis or membranes such as reverse osmosis or by a solar process desalination.Дrinking water treatment plant operation and maintenance includes the following tasks: Chlorination is the most widely used disinfection method because it permits maintaining residual chlorine at a level efficient enough to guarantee the absence of microorganism until the water has reached its point of use.Д¬entralised water treatment cycle. The water is then sent to the pumping station for distribution to homes and businesses.

This is commonly done with chlorination, ozonation, hydrogen peroxide, or UV radiation (similar to the point of use UV tubes).

WATER TREATMENT PLANT BUILDING ESTIMATE FREE

Disinfection: The water is now largely free of particles, organics and microorganism and is now treated to destroy any remaining disease-causing pathogens.Due to growing concerns regarding micro-pollutants, additional treatments such as advanced oxidation processes, activated carbon adsorption alone or combined with ozonation or H2O2 are sometimes used to remove these trace organic compounds. Typically, slow or rapid sand filtration and more recently membranes or reverse osmosis are used to accomplish this task.

WATER TREATMENT PLANT BUILDING ESTIMATE SERIES

Filtration: The water is run through a series of filters, which trap and remove particles still remaining in the water column.

Sedimentation: The heavy particles (flocs) settle to the bottom leading to clear water.

Coagulation-Flocculation: In this step coagulants are added to remove the suspended particles (clay, organic material, metals, microorganisms), which stick to the coagulants forming heavy particles.

Sometimes a pre-oxidation step is also performed at this stage.

Aeration: The water is mixed to liberate dissolved gases and to suspend particles in the water column.

In general the treatment of fresh water involves the following key steps:

Example of the city of TulsaВґs water treatment process. Nevertheless, a series of conventional processes can be identified they are presented in the figures below. Groundwater typically requires less treatment than water from lakes, rivers and the sea. There is no precise method for treating surface water because of the various qualities of water that exists.

Water treatment plant building estimate